Wolfram syndrome, also known as DIDMOAD, is an inherited genetic disorder in most cases it is caused by a mutation of the WFS1 gene.
which represents (Diabetes Insipidus, Diabetes Mellitus, Optic Atrophy, and Deafness), is an inherited rare genetic disorder that affects multiple systems in the body. The disorder is named after Dr. Warren T. Wolfram, who first described the condition in 1938. It is estimated to affect one in 500,000 people worldwide. In most cases, Wolfram syndrome is caused by a mutation in the WFS1 gene. This gene plays a role in the proper functioning of cells throughout the body.

WS is difficult to diagnose with progressive and pleiotropic symptoms occurring at a variable rate in each child. Between ages 5 and 16 (age 6 median) children with WS typically first develop insulin-dependent diabetes. Most go on to next develop primary optic atrophy and vision impairment, half will develop sensorineural hearing loss, and nearly as many will develop diabetes insipidus. Unlike common types of diabetes, these children often go on to develop blindness, deafness and other neurologic disturbances. WS can also lead to psychological and behavioral issues, loss of senses of smell and taste, problems with balance and coordination, muscle spasms and seizures, urinary and gastrointestinal problems, and irregular breathing, reflecting the tissue distribution of the WS gene.